SNMP

Simple Network Management Protocol

• 使用 PORTS 安裝：

  cd /usr/ports/net-mgmt/net-snmp ; make install ; rehash

• 設定

  • /etc/rc.conf
    加入下列設定內容：

    snmpd_enable=”YES” snmpd_flags=”-p /var/run/snmpd.pid”

  • /etc/hosts.allow
    在第一行加入下列設定內容：

    snmpd : localhost : allow

  • /usr/local/share/snmp/snmpd.conf
    新建此檔案，內容如下：

    rocommunity  mrtgmgr syslocation  FreeBSD syscontact   Maintainer sysname      LocalHost

    請 man snmpd.conf 以得到更詳細的說明。

/usr/ports/x11/nvidia-driver
make install

To use these drivers, make sure that you have loaded the nvidia kernel
module, by doing

# kldload nvidia

or adding

nvidia_load=”YES”

to your /boot/loader.conf

/usr/bin/ssh-keygen -t rsa1 -b 1024 -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key
/usr/bin/ssh-keygen -t dsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key
/usr/bin/ssh-keygen -t rsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key

/usr/ports/net/samba3
make install clean
ee /etc/rc.conf
samba_enable=”YES”

選擇 Taiwan

default

Express 磁碟重整
D 刪除
A 用整顆
Q 結束

BootMgr ->A 自動分配
swap 記憶體2倍大
/ 512mb
/tmp 512mb
/usr 4096mb
/var 剩下的
Q 結束

———————————————-
Choose Distributions
———————————————-
選擇
Developer
Kern-Developer
User

選擇 Taiwan

default

Express 磁碟重整
D 刪除
A 用整顆
Q 結束

BootMgr ->A 自動分配
swap 記憶體2倍大
/    512mb
/tmp 512mb
/usr 4096mb
/var 剩下的
Q 結束

———————————————-
Choose Distributions
———————————————-
選擇
Developer
Kern-Developer
User

_resetError(); $err_no = 0; $err_msg = “”; $this->controlSocket = @fsockopen($host, $port, $err\_no, $err\_msg, $timeout) or $this->_setError(-1,”fsockopen failed”); if ($err\_no<>0) $this->setError($err\_no,$err_msg); if ($this->_isError()) return false; @socket\_set\_timeout($this->controlSocket,$timeout) or $this->\_setError(-1,”socket\_set_timeout failed”); if ($this->_isError()) return false; $this->_waitForResult(); if ($this->_isError()) return false; return $this->getLastResult() == FTP\_SERVICE\_READY; } function isConnected() { return $this->controlSocket != NULL; } function disconnect() { if (!$this->isConnected()) return; @fclose($this->controlSocket); } function close() { //Closes an FTP connection $this->disconnect(); } function login($user, $pass) { //Logs in to an FTP connection $this->_resetError(); $this->_printCommand(“USER $user”); if ($this->_isError()) return false; $this->_waitForResult(); if ($this->_isError()) return false; if ($this->getLastResult() == FTP\_PASSWORD\_NEEDED){ $this->_printCommand(“PASS $pass”); if ($this->_isError()) return FALSE; $this->_waitForResult(); if ($this->_isError()) return FALSE; } $result = $this->getLastResult() == FTP\_USER\_LOGGED_IN; return $result; } function cdup() { //Changes to the parent directory $this->_resetError(); $this->_printCommand(“CDUP”); $this->_waitForResult(); $lr = $this->getLastResult(); if ($this->_isError()) return FALSE; return ($lr==FTP\_FILE\_ACTION\_OK || $lr==FTP\_COMMAND_OK); } function cwd($path) { $this->_resetError(); $this->_printCommand(“CWD $path”); $this->_waitForResult(); $lr = $this->getLastResult(); if ($this->_isError()) return FALSE; return ($lr==FTP\_FILE\_ACTION\_OK || $lr==FTP\_COMMAND_OK); } function cd($path) { return $this->cwd($path); } function chdir($path) { //Changes directories on a FTP server return $this->cwd($path); } function chmod($mode,$filename) { //Set permissions on a file via FTP return $this->site(“CHMOD $mode $filename”); } function delete($filename) { //Deletes a file on the FTP server $this->_resetError(); $this->_printCommand(“DELE $filename”); $this->_waitForResult(); $lr = $this->getLastResult(); if ($this->_isError()) return FALSE; return ($lr==FTP\_FILE\_ACTION\_OK || $lr==FTP\_COMMAND_OK); } function exec($cmd) { //Requests execution of a program on the FTP server return $this->site(“EXEC $cmd”); } function fget($fp,$remote,$mode=FTP_BINARY,$resumepos=0) { //Downloads a file from the FTP server and saves to an open file $this->_resetError(); $type = “I”; if ($mode==FTP_ASCII) $type = “A”; $this->_printCommand(“TYPE $type”); $this->_waitForResult(); $lr = $this->getLastResult(); if ($this->_isError()) return FALSE; $result = $this->_download(“RETR $remote”); if ($result) { fwrite($fp,$result); } return $result; } function fput($remote,$resource,$mode=FTP_BINARY,$startpos=0) { //Uploads from an open file to the FTP server $this->_resetError(); $type = “I”; if ($mode==FTP_ASCII) $type = “A”; $this->_printCommand(“TYPE $type”); $this->_waitForResult(); $lr = $this->getLastResult(); if ($this->_isError()) return FALSE; if ($startpos>0) fseek($resource,$startpos); $result = $this->_uploadResource(“STOR $remote”,$resource); return $result; } function get_option($option) { //Retrieves various runtime behaviours of the current FTP stream $this->_resetError(); switch ($option) { case “FTP\_TIMEOUT\_SEC” : return FTP_TIMEOUT; case “PHP\_FTP\_OPT_AUTOSEEK” : return FALSE; } setError(-1,”Unknown option: $option”); return false; } function get($locale,$remote,$mode=FTP_BINARY,$resumepos=0) { //Downloads a file from the FTP server if (!($fp = @fopen($locale,”wb”))) return FALSE; $result = $this->fget($fp,$remote,$mode,$resumepos); @fclose($fp); if (!$result) @unlink($locale); return $result; } function mdtm($name) { //Returns the last modified time of the given file $this->_resetError(); $this->_printCommand(“MDTM $name”); $this->_waitForResult(); $lr = $this->getLastResult(); if ($this->_isError()) return FALSE; if ($lr!=FTP\_FILE\_STATUS) return FALSE; $subject = trim(substr($this->lastLine,4)); $lucifer = array(); if (preg_match(“/(\[0-9\]\[0-9\]\[0-9\]\[0-9\])(\[0-9\]\[0-9\])(\[0-9\]\[0-9\])(\[0-9\]\[0-9\])(\[0-9\]\[0-9\])(\[0-9\]\[0-9\])/”,$subject,$lucifer)) return mktime($lucifer[4],$lucifer[5],$lucifer[6],$lucifer[2],$lucifer[3],$lucifer[1],0); return FALSE; } function mkdir($name) { //Creates a directory $this->_resetError(); $this->_printCommand(“MKD $name”); $this->_waitForResult(); $lr = $this->getLastResult(); if ($this->_isError()) return FALSE; return ($lr==FTP\_PATHNAME || $lr==FTP\_FILE\_ACTION\_OK || $lr==FTP\_COMMAND\_OK); } function nb_continue() { //Continues retrieving/sending a file (non-blocking) $this->_resetError(); // todo } function nb_fget() { //Retrieves a file from the FTP server and writes it to an open file (non-blocking) $this->_resetError(); // todo } function nb_fput() { //Stores a file from an open file to the FTP server (non-blocking) $this->_resetError(); // todo } function nb_get() { //Retrieves a file from the FTP server and writes it to a local file (non-blocking) $this->_resetError(); // todo } function nb_put() { //Stores a file on the FTP server (non-blocking) $this->_resetError(); // todo } function nlist($remote_filespec=””) { //Returns a list of files in the given directory $this->_resetError(); $result = $this->\_download(trim(“NLST $remote\_filespec”)); return ($result !== FALSE) ? explode(“\n”,str_replace(“\r”,””,trim($result))) : $result; } function pasv($pasv) { //Turns passive mode on or off if (!$pasv) { $this->_setError(“Active (PORT) mode is not supported”); return false; } return true; } function put($remote,$local,$mode=FTP_BINARY,$startpos=0) { //Uploads a file to the FTP server if (!($fp = @fopen($local,”rb”))) return FALSE; $result = $this->fput($remote,$fp,$mode,$startpos); @fclose($fp); return $result; } function pwd() { //Returns the current directory name $this->_resetError(); $this->_printCommand(“PWD”); $this->_waitForResult(); $lr = $this->getLastResult(); if ($this->_isError()) return FALSE; if ($lr!=FTP_PATHNAME) return FALSE; $subject = trim(substr($this->lastLine,4)); $lucifer = array(); if (preg_match(“/\”(.*)\”/”,$subject,$lucifer)) return $lucifer[1]; return FALSE; } function quit() { //Alias of close $this->close(); } function raw($cmd) { //Sends an arbitrary command to an FTP server $this->_resetError(); $this->_printCommand($cmd); $this->_waitForResult(); $this->getLastResult(); return array($this->lastLine); } function rawlist($remote_filespec=””) { //Returns a detailed list of files in the given directory $this->_resetError(); $result = $this->\_download(trim(“LIST $remote\_filespec”)); return ($result !== FALSE) ? explode(“\n”,str_replace(“\r”,””,trim($result))) : $result; } function ls($remote_filespec=””) { //Returns a parsed rawlist in an assoc array $a = $this->rawlist($remote_filespec); if (!$a) return $a; $systype = $this->systype(); $is_windows = stristr($systype,”WIN”)!==FALSE; $b = array(); while (list($i,$line) = each($a)) { if ($is\_windows && preg\_match(“/([0-9]{2})-([0-9]{2})-([0-9]{2}) +([0-9]{2}):([0-9]{2})(AM|PM) +([0-9]+|) +(.+)/”,$line,$lucifer)) { $b[$i] = array(); if ($lucifer[3]<70) { $lucifer[3]+=2000; } else { $lucifer[3]+=1900; } // 4digit year fix $b\[$i\]\[‘isdir’\] = ($lucifer[7]==””); $b\[$i\]\[‘size’\] = $lucifer[7]; $b\[$i\]\[‘month’\] = $lucifer[1]; $b\[$i\]\[‘day’\] = $lucifer[2]; $b\[$i\]\[‘year’\] = $lucifer[3]; $b\[$i\]\[‘hour’\] = $lucifer[4]; $b\[$i\]\[‘minute’\] = $lucifer[5]; $b\[$i\]\[‘time’\] = @mktime($lucifer[4]+(strcasecmp($lucifer[6],”PM”)==0?12:0),$lucifer[5],0,$lucifer[1],$lucifer[2],$lucifer[3]); $b\[$i\]\[‘am/pm’\] = $lucifer[6]; $b\[$i\]\[‘name’\] = $lucifer[8]; } else if (!$is\_windows && $lucifer=preg\_split(“/[ ]/”,$line,9,PREG\_SPLIT\_NO_EMPTY)) { echo $line.”\n”; $lcount=count($lucifer); if ($lcount<8) continue; $b[$i] = array(); $b\[$i\]\[‘isdir’\] = $lucifer[0]{0} === “d”; $b\[$i\]\[‘islink’\] = $lucifer[0]{0} === “l”; $b\[$i\]\[‘perms’\] = $lucifer[0]; $b\[$i\]\[‘number’\] = $lucifer[1]; $b\[$i\]\[‘owner’\] = $lucifer[2]; $b\[$i\]\[‘group’\] = $lucifer[3]; $b\[$i\]\[‘size’\] = $lucifer[4]; if ($lcount==8) { sscanf($lucifer\[5],”%d-%d-%d”,$b[$i\]\[‘year’\],$b\[$i\]\[‘month’\],$b\[$i\]\[‘day’\]); sscanf($lucifer\[6],”%d:%d”,$b[$i\]\[‘hour’\],$b\[$i\]\[‘minute’\]); $b\[$i\]\[‘time’\] = @mktime($b\[$i\]\[‘hour’\],$b\[$i\]\[‘minute’\],0,$b\[$i\]\[‘month’\],$b\[$i\]\[‘day’\],$b\[$i\]\[‘year’\]); $b\[$i\]\[‘name’\] = $lucifer[7]; } else { $b\[$i\]\[‘month’\] = $lucifer[5]; $b\[$i\]\[‘day’\] = $lucifer[6]; if (preg_match(“/([0-9]{2}):([0-9]{2})/”,$lucifer[7],$l2)) { $b\[$i\]\[‘year’\] = date(“Y”); $b\[$i\]\[‘hour’\] = $l2[1]; $b\[$i\]\[‘minute’\] = $l2[2]; } else { $b\[$i\]\[‘year’\] = $lucifer[7]; $b\[$i\]\[‘hour’\] = 0; $b\[$i\]\[‘minute’\] = 0; } $b\[$i\]\[‘time’\] = strtotime(sprintf(“%d %s %d %02d:%02d”,$b\[$i\]\[‘day’\],$b\[$i\]\[‘month’\],$b\[$i\]\[‘year’\],$b\[$i\]\[‘hour’\],$b\[$i\]\[‘minute’\])); $b\[$i\]\[‘name’\] = $lucifer[8]; } } } return $b; } function rename($from,$to) { //Renames a file on the FTP server $this->_resetError(); $this->_printCommand(“RNFR $from”); $this->_waitForResult(); $lr = $this->getLastResult(); if ($this->_isError()) return FALSE; $this->_printCommand(“RNTO $to”); $this->_waitForResult(); $lr = $this->getLastResult(); if ($this->_isError()) return FALSE; return ($lr==FTP\_FILE\_ACTION\_OK || $lr==FTP\_COMMAND_OK); } function rmdir($name) { //Removes a directory $this->_resetError(); $this->_printCommand(“RMD $name”); $this->_waitForResult(); $lr = $this->getLastResult(); if ($this->_isError()) return FALSE; return ($lr==FTP\_FILE\_ACTION\_OK || $lr==FTP\_COMMAND_OK); } function set_option() { //Set miscellaneous runtime FTP options $this->_resetError(); $this->\_setError(-1,”set\_option not supported”); return false; } function site($cmd) { //Sends a SITE command to the server $this->_resetError(); $this->_printCommand(“SITE $cmd”); $this->_waitForResult(); $lr = $this->getLastResult(); if ($this->_isError()) return FALSE; return true; } function size($name) { //Returns the size of the given file $this->_resetError(); $this->_printCommand(“SIZE $name”); $this->_waitForResult(); $lr = $this->getLastResult(); if ($this->_isError()) return FALSE; return $lr==FTP\_FILE\_STATUS ? trim(substr($this->lastLine,4)) : FALSE; } function ssl_connect() { //Opens an Secure SSL-FTP connection $this->_resetError(); $this->\_setError(-1,”ssl\_connect not supported”); return false; } function systype() { // Returns the system type identifier of the remote FTP server $this->_resetError(); $this->_printCommand(“SYST”); $this->_waitForResult(); $lr = $this->getLastResult(); if ($this->_isError()) return FALSE; return $lr==FTP\_NAME\_SYSTEM_TYPE ? trim(substr($this->lastLine,4)) : FALSE; } function getLastResult() { $this->newResult = FALSE; return $this->lastResult; } /\* private \*/ function _hasNewResult() { return $this->newResult; } /\* private \*/ function _waitForResult() { while(!$this->\_hasNewResult() && $this->\_readln()!==FALSE && !$this->_isError()) { /\* noop \*/ } } /\* private \*/ function _readln() { $line = fgets($this->controlSocket); if ($line === FALSE) { $this->\_setError(-1,”fgets failed in \_readln”); return FALSE; } if (strlen($line)==0) return $line; $lucifer = array(); if (preg_match(“/^\[0-9\]\[0-9\][0-9] /”,$line,$lucifer)) { //its a resultline $this->lastResult = intval($lucifer[0]); $this->newResult = TRUE; if (substr($lucifer[0],0,1)==’5′) { $this->_setError($this->lastResult,trim(substr($line,4))); } } $this->lastLine = trim($line); $this->lastLines[] = “< “.trim($line); return $line; } /\* private \*/ function _printCommand($line) { $this->lastLines[] = “> “.$line; fwrite($this->controlSocket,$line.”\r\n”); fflush($this->controlSocket); } /\* private \*/ function _pasv() { $this->_resetError(); $this->_printCommand(“PASV”); $this->_waitForResult(); $lr = $this->getLastResult(); if ($this->_isError()) return FALSE; if ($lr!=FTP\_PASSIVE\_MODE) return FALSE; $subject = trim(substr($this->lastLine,4)); $lucifer = array(); if (preg_match(“/\\((\d{1,3}),(\d{1,3}),(\d{1,3}),(\d{1,3}),(\d{1,3}),(\d{1,3})\\)/”,$subject,$lucifer)) { $this->pasvAddr=$lucifer; $host = sprintf(“%d.%d.%d.%d”,$lucifer[1],$lucifer[2],$lucifer[3],$lucifer[4]); $port = $lucifer[5]*256 + $lucifer[6]; $err_no=0; $err_msg=””; $passiveConnection = fsockopen($host,$port,$err\_no,$err\_msg, FTP_TIMEOUT); if ($err_no!=0) { $this->\_setError($err\_no,$err_msg); return FALSE; } return $passiveConnection; } return FALSE; } /\* private \*/ function _download($cmd) { if (!($passiveConnection = $this->_pasv())) return FALSE; $this->_printCommand($cmd); $this->_waitForResult(); $lr = $this->getLastResult(); if (!$this->_isError()) { $result = “”; while (!feof($passiveConnection)) { $result .= fgets($passiveConnection); } fclose($passiveConnection); $this->_waitForResult(); $lr = $this->getLastResult(); return ($lr==FTP\_FILE\_TRANSFER\_OK) || ($lr==FTP\_FILE\_ACTION\_OK) || ($lr==FTP\_COMMAND\_OK) ? $result : FALSE; } else { fclose($passiveConnection); return FALSE; } } /\* upload \*/ function _uploadResource($cmd,$resource) { if (!($passiveConnection = $this->_pasv())) return FALSE; $this->_printCommand($cmd); $this->_waitForResult(); $lr = $this->getLastResult(); if (!$this->_isError()) { $result = “”; while (!feof($resource)) { $buf = fread($resource,1024); fwrite($passiveConnection,$buf); } fclose($passiveConnection); $this->_waitForResult(); $lr = $this->getLastResult(); return ($lr==FTP\_FILE\_TRANSFER\_OK) || ($lr==FTP\_FILE\_ACTION\_OK) || ($lr==FTP\_COMMAND\_OK) ? $result : FALSE; } else { fclose($passiveConnection); return FALSE; } } /\* private \*/ function _resetError() { $this->error_no = NULL; $this->error_msg = NULL; } /\* private \*/ function _setError($no,$msg) { if (is\_array($this->error\_no)) { $this->error_no[] = $no; $this->error_msg[] = $msg; } else if ($this->error_no!=NULL) { $this->error\_no = array($this->error\_no,$no); $this->error\_msg = array($this->error\_msg,$msg); } else { $this->error_no = $no; $this->error_msg = $msg; } } /\* private \*/ function _isError() { return ($this->error\_no != NULL) && ($this->error\_no !== 0); } } //echo “argv[] = “; //print_r($argv); // just to see what was passed in if ($argc > 0) { for ($i=1;$i < $argc;$i++) { parse_str($argv[$i],$tmp); $\_REQUEST = array\_merge($_REQUEST, $tmp); } } //echo “\$_REQUEST = “; //print\_r($\_REQUEST); $backup_dir = ‘/var/backup’; $www= ‘/var/www’; $db=’/var/db/mysql’; $etc= ‘/usr/local/etc’; $dates = date(“Ymd”); $filename\_www = $backup\_dir.’/’.$dates.’www.tar.gz’; $filename\_db = $backup\_dir.’/’.$dates.’db.tar.gz’; $filename\_etc = $backup\_dir.’/’.$dates.’etc.tar.gz’; $ftp_www = $dates.’www.tar.gz’; $ftp_db = $dates.’db.tar.gz’; $ftp_etc = $dates.’etc.tar.gz’; if (file\_exists($backup\_dir)) { echo “備份目錄存在 $filename 開始備份 www 備份到 $filename_www \n”; } else { echo “備份目錄不存在 $backup_dir \n”; mkdir($backup_dir, 755); echo “\n 備份目錄建立 開始備份 $www 備份到 $filename_www \n”; } $run = ‘tar -zcpf ‘.$filename_www.’ ‘.$www.’ > /dev/null’; $output = shell_exec($run); echo “\n 備份資料庫 開始備份 $db 備份到 $filename_db \n”; $run = ‘/usr/local/etc/rc.d/mysql-server stop > /dev/null’; $output = shell_exec($run); echo “\n mysql 停止 \n”; $run = ‘tar -zcpf ‘.$filename_db.’ ‘.$db.’ > /dev/null’; $output = shell_exec($run); $run = ‘/usr/local/etc/rc.d/mysql-server start > /dev/null’; $output = shell_exec($run); echo “\n mysql 啟動 \n”; echo “\n 設定檔備份 $etc 備份到 $filename_etc \n”; $run = ‘tar -zcpf ‘.$filename_etc.’ ‘.$etc.’ > /dev/null’; $output = shell_exec($run); $ftp_server = “ip”; $ftp_user = “backup”; $ftp_passwd = “passwd”; echo “連線到 $ftp\_server $ftp\_user $ftp_passwd \n”; /\* direct object methods \*/ $ftp =& new FTP(); if ($ftp->connect($ftp_server)) { if ($ftp->login($ftp\_user,$ftp\_passwd)) { echo “\n”.$ftp->sysType() . “\n”; echo $ftp->pwd() . “\n”; $ftp->put($ftp\_www,$filename\_www ); $ftp->put($ftp\_db,$filename\_db ); $ftp->put($ftp\_etc,$filename\_etc ); } else { echo “連線失敗: “; print\_r($ftp->error\_no); print\_r($ftp->error\_msg); } $ftp->disconnect(); $end=$ftp->lastLines; } else { echo “連線失敗: “; print\_r($ftp->error\_no); print\_r($ftp->error\_msg); } echo “$end \n”; ?>

一個小巧的程式(於英文console顯示BIG5文件)

作者 mison

在純英文的 text console 之下，既不跑 X-win、也不跑 jmcce，但是
偶爾需要看一份BIG5編碼的文件，有什麼簡便的方法嗎﹖最快的途徑是
自己寫一個程式。大致看一下 kernel-doc 有關 frame buffer 文件，
發現這樣的程式不會太難。找出以前寫給印表機用的驅動程式，稍微改
一改，可以在英文模式看漢字檔案的 itwv 完成了。
下載：
http://www.geocities.com/labourvanity/pub/itw-0.1.tar.gz

mldonkey 是一套免費的 e-Donkey 用戶端

http://freebsd.sinica.edu.tw/zh-tut/mldonkey.html

mldonkey 是一套免費的 e-Donkey 用戶端。 不過在文字介面的搜尋有點簡陋，筆者通常都是利用網頁介面來存取， 也有 GTK 圖形介面。

Apache2.1.4 重新啟動時出現httpready

解決的方法：

在你的 /boot/loader.conf 加入一行
accf_http_load=”yes”